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Computer Training Workshops for IU Community & General Public   Cloud Computing Ms Reema Dewan Principal, DPS, Sector 40, Chandigarh     Information Technology is developing at a very rapid pace, opening up new avenues and possibilities for automating tasks and enriching the lives of people throughout the world. From software applications to computer hardware, information technology is part of our world - converting, storing, protecting, processing, transmitting and securely retrieving information. The latest buzzword in the IT field is “Cloud Computing”. Cloud computing is a general term for anything that involves delivering hosted services over the Internet. The conventional wisdom is that cloud computing is about the delivery of IT services over the Internet at substantially lower cost, with huge elasticity and scalability. Like the Internet, cloud computing is not an incremental change but an "unstoppable force”. The goal of cloud computing is to provide easy, scalable access to computing resources and IT services. A cloud service has some distinct characteristics that differentiate it from traditional hosting. It is sold on demand, by the minute or the hour; it is elastic -- a user can have as much or as little of a service as they want at any given time; and the service is fully managed by the provider. Significant innovations in virtualization and distributed computing, as well as improved access to high-speed Internet, have accelerated interest in cloud computing. A cloud can be either private or public. A public cloud sells services to anyone on the Internet. For example, presently, Amazon Web Services is the largest public cloud provider. A private cloud is a proprietary network or a data center that supplies hosted services to a limited number of people. When a service provider uses public cloud resources to create their private cloud, the result is called a virtual-private-cloud. The services that a cloud offers are broadly divided into three categories: Infrastructure-as-a-Service , Platform-as-a-Service  and Software-as-a-Service. Infrastructure-as-a-Service like Amazon Web Services provides virtual server instances with unique IP addresses and blocks of storage on demand. Platform-as-a-service in the cloud is defined as a set of software and product development tools hosted on the provider's infrastructure. Developers can create applications on the provider's platform over the Internet. In the software-as-a-service cloud model, the vendor supplies the hardware infrastructure, the software product and interacts with the user through a front-end portal. Services can be anything from Web-based email to inventory control and database processing. Cloud computing has become the ‘phrase du jour’. It comes into focus only when you think about what IT always needs: a way to increase capacity or add capabilities on the fly without investing in new infrastructure, training new personnel, or licensing new software. Cloud computing encompasses any subscription-based or pay-per-use service that, in real time over the Internet, extends IT's existing capabilities. As if outsourcing, virtualization, utility computing, automation, hosted applications, and a recession weren't enough to stress out the average IT professional, there's the emerging threat of cloud computing to take away even more IT jobs. Some percentage of the jobs actually performing infrastructure services, monitoring, and datacenter operations in-house will shift to cloud service providers like Google, Amazon, etc. The IT jobs most at risk are those focused on configuring and maintaining infrastructure. IT experts with experience in Web scale-out deployments -- including building, managing, and optimizing these applications -- will grow in demand, as will professionals with experience with virtualization. Though Cloud Computing is one of the most discussed topics in the current IT implementations scenario, adoption levels are low globally and especially in India. While organizations across the country, such as Bharti, Ashok Leyland, Asian Paints, Infosys and Maruti are tuning in to the cloud computing station, certain concerns prevent them from buying the basket full of services that the cloud has to offer. Most analysts and vendors believe that India is still a nascent market for cloud-based services. However, with the large SME/SMB population and the emergence of many start-ups, the scope for growth is huge, provided the concerns over the adoption of these services are addressed. While there is a certain level of awareness about what services and benefits the cloud has to offer, companies and individuals are taking a cautious approach and are still experimenting and testing both public and private cloud services. There are many benefits to a cloud solution, but these need to be weighed and understood first. Cloud solutions tend to be greener, as some of the infrastructure is co hosted and shared, some of the applications and solutions are fully virtualized and other design changes make the whole offering more efficient and thus greener. The fully scalable and flexible cloud solution offers decentralized management solution. One of the important considerations to a cloud service is cost. Imagine having to pay for all the cell phone towers used every time you wanted to buy a mobile phone. This would mean that to use the infrastructure, an individual or enterprise would have to pay for the towers, the connectivity between them and all the other elements of the solution. This would make the cost prohibitive and most organizations would not consider this solution; however this is exactly what happened when the cell phone service started. Today, the cost of mobile telephony has dropped and become affordable. Evidently, people now subscribe without a second thought and this is a fully managed, wireless “cloud” type service funded by subscription and the numbers.   Cloud computing is not just about accessing applications like SharePoint online from Microsoft, for example, or Google Apps. Storage as a Service will also come through the cloud. Users and vendors will shop a multi-layered cloud for infrastructure, business processes, for the world's information. Today, with cloud-based interconnection seldom in evidence, cloud computing might be more accurately described as “sky computing” with many isolated clouds of services which IT customers must plug into individually. On the other hand, as virtualization permeates the enterprise, the idea of loosely coupled services running on an agile, scalable infrastructure should eventually make every enterprise a node in the cloud. It’s a long-running trend with a far-out horizon. But among big megatrends, cloud computing is the hardest one to argue with in the long term. So be prepared - Like the Vodafone puppy, the ‘Cloud’ is going to follow you everywhere.   Disclaimer : The above article is an unedited version and pertains to the writer's own thought and opinion only. 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